4/4/2023 0 Comments Project X 4.0 Download![]() ![]() ![]() The legacy of this era can still be felt in funding initiatives, such as the UK’s Advanced Research and Invention Agency modelled on the US’s Advanced Research Agency launched in 1958. The subsequent increase in federal research funding coincided with a long period of economic growth, so that a model of innovation driven by basic research became dominant. The science policy community recognized innovation depended on downstream spending by firms but saw low levels of public spending as the main constraint on growth. A time when scientific discoveries were being successfully commercialized to create new industries. ![]() Many of the frameworks we use to think about how research can deliver impact emerged in 1950s America. Or, if the indirect effects of research such as expertise, networks, instrumentation, methods and trained students, are as important as the discoveries. Whether it comes from the kinds of linear processes of knowledge transfer from researcher to user, sought for and often narrated in REF impact case studies. ![]() What is more contested is how research delivers impact. It is widely accepted that innovation is a key driver of long-term economic growth and that public funding for research complements private investment. Increases in funding for research come with a growing expectation that researchers will do more to improve social welfare, economic prosperity and more broadly foster innovation. ![]()
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